![]() The motion of liquid in volute (spiral casing) of a centrifugal pump is an example of spiral vortex. flow involving a change of distance from the axis of rotation inside the impeller. flow in circular motion and radial flow i.e. Vanes are made of spiral shape to enable water to have both circulatory i.e. ![]() Rotation of liquid inside the impeller of a centrifugal pump is an example of forced vortex because there is always an expenditure of energy and the fluid mass is subjected to radially inward acceleration. This type of motion is known as a forced vortex or rotational vortex or flywheel vortex. When a fluid mass is rotated about a vertical axis at a constant speed by some mechanical means, which imparts a constant torque on the fluid mass, every particles of it has the same angular velocity,, and the fluid moves as if it were a solid. The cylindrical vortex is superimposed over the radial flow in order to get the resulting vortex known as spiral vortex. When the fluid mass is rotated in concentric circle, it is called cylindrical free or forced vortex or circulatory flow. Eliminating loss of head due to change of velocity of flow in the volute increases the efficiency of the pump. As the velocity of water leaving the impeller equals the velocity of flow in the volute, loss of head due to change in velocity of flow is eliminated by spiral / volute form of casing. Also, increasing cross sectional area accommodate more water in the casing. Bernoullis equation holds good as loss of kinetic head in a volute is compensated by increase in pressure head. The kinetic energy of the liquid coming out of an impeller is resisted in a volute (Part of the pump casing is specially designed to collect and direct the flow of water as it enters and leaves the impeller), which is engineered with an increasing flow area to maintain the liquid velocity. ![]() ![]() The faster the impeller rotates / revolves or the bigger the impeller is, then the higher will be the velocity of the liquid at the vane tip and the greater energy imparted to the liquid. The amount of energy given to the liquid corresponds to the velocity at the edge or vane tip of the impeller. Panipat Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Panipat, Haryana, India-132140Ībstract: The main function of a centrifugal pump is to create Kinetic energy in a liquid. Radial Thrust in a Single Volute Centrifugal Pump ![]()
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